What does the computer Processor (CPU) do?

 


The processor, also known as CPU or central processing unit is the most important integrated circuit (IC) chip of a computer. Anyway, CPU is not the only processing unit in a modern day computer. As for an example GPU or graphics processing unit is also a processing unit which is specifically designed to process graphic based data. Processors are not only available in PCs but also in tablets, smartphones and many other smart devises available in the modern market. Modern CPUs are usually compact and small devices with pins. Pins are used to connect the CPU to the motherboard.

A processor is not just a circuit; it is actually a logic circuit which is designed to process basic instructions which are responsible to make a computer work. Processor is also responsible to allocate commands for other components and chip sets which are connected to the computer.


There are few basic elements available in a modern CPU.

  1. ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit. (Processes Arithmetic and Logic related data)
  2. FPU – Floating Point Unit
  3. Registers – Store instructions
  4. L1 and L2 Cache memory

 

A CPU also has four primary functions

  1. Fetch – Receives instructions from RAM
  2. Decode – Convert instructions to understand which CPU component to be allocated to carry out the operation successfully
  3. Execute – This is where the operation happens.
  4. Write back 

Microprocessor

Microprocessors are designed for PCs and other small devices. It is a single IC chip which contain all elements of a processor.


Multi-core processor

A multicore processor is also an IC chip which contains several CPUs. Most modern day CPUs are multi-core (at least two and up to 12). It is like having more than one CPUs in a single computer. This technology has enhanced the performance including multi-tasking of modern Computers and also reduced the power consumption.

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